
7
Squaring
The squaring function is achieved by simply multiplying with
the two inputs tied together. The squaring circuit may also be
used as the basis for a frequency doubler since cos
2
ω
t =
1
/
2
(cos 2
ω
t + 1).
Square Root
Tying the X and Y inputs together and using overall feedback
from the op amp results in the square root function. The
output of the modulator is again forced to equal the current
produced by the Z input.
The output is a negative voltage which maintains overall
negative feedback. A diode in series with the op amp output
prevents the latchup that would otherwise occur for negative
input voltages.
SQUARE ROOT TRIMMING PROCEDURE
1. Connect the ICL8013 in the Divider configuration.
2. Adjust Z
OS
, Y
OS
, X
OS
, and Gain using Steps 1 through 6
of Divider Trimming Procedure.
3. Convert to the Square Root configuration by connecting
X
IN
to the output and inserting a diode between Pin 4 and
the output node.
4. With Z
IN
= 0V adjust Z
OS
for zero output voltage.
Variable Gain Amplifier
Most applications for the ICL8013 are straight forward
variations of the simple arithmetic functions described
above. Although the circuit description frequently disguises
the fact, it has already been shown that the frequency
doubIer is nothing more than a squaring circuit. Similarly the
variable gain amplifier is nothing more than a multiplier, with
the input signal applied at the X input and the control voltage
applied at the Y input.
OP AMP
MODULATOR
X
IN
Y
IN
Z
IN
I
Z
R =
V
OUT
=
1
10
10Z
IN
X
IN
I
O
FIGURE 8A. DIVISION BLOCK DIAGRAM
ICL8013
Z
IN
X
IN
Y
IN
5K
7.5K
7
10
9
X
OS
Y
OS
Z
OS
4
6
3
1
OUTPUT =
10Z
IN
X
IN
GAIN
(0 TO -10V)
FIGURE 8B. DIVISION CIRCUIT CONNECTION
OP AMP
X
IN
Y
IN
Z
IN
I
O
= X
IN
Y
IN
R =
V
OUT
=
1
10
X
IN2
10
X
FIGURE 9A. SQUARER BLOCK DIAGRAM
ICL8013
X
IN
7.5k
7
10
9
X
OS
Y
OS
Z
OS
4
3
6
1
OUTPUT =
X
IN2
10
5k
SCALE
FACTOR
ADJUST
FIGURE 9B. SQUARER CIRCUIT CONNECTION
I
O
X
IN
Y
IN
×
V
OUT
–
(
)
2
10Z
IN
=
=
=
V
OUT
10Z
IN
–
=
OP AMP
MODULATOR
X
IN
Y
IN
Z
I
Z
R =
V
OUT
= -
√
10Z
IN
1
10
I
O
= V
O2
FIGURE 10A. SQUARE ROOT BLOCK DIAGRAM
ICL8013
Z
IN
X
IN
Y
IN
5K
7.5K
7
10
9
X
OS
Y
OS
Z
OS
4
6
3
1
OUTPUT = -
√
10ZIN
GAIN
(0V TO + 10V)
1N4148
FIGURE 10B. ACTUAL CIRCUIT CONNECTION
ICL8013