
12
current, that flows either out of or into tip and ring
simultaneously. Longitudinal currents in the on-hook state
result in equal currents flowing through the sense resistors
R1 and R2 (Figure 18). And longitudinal currents in the off-
hook state result in unequal currents flowing through the
sense resistors R1 and R2. Notice that for case 2,
longitudinal currents flowing away from the SLIC, the current
through R1 is the metallic loop current plus the longitudinal
current; whereas the current through R2 is the metallic loop
current minus the longitudinal current. Longitudinal currents
are generated when the phone line is influenced by
magnetic fields (e.g., power lines).
Loop Current Detector
Figure 18 shows a simplified schematic of the loop current
and ground key detectors. The loop current detector works
by sensing the metallic current flowing through resistors R1
and R2. This results in a current (IRD) out of the
transconductance amplifier (gm1) that is equal to the product
of gm1 and the metallic loop current. IRD then flows out the
RD pin and through resistor RD to VEE. The value of IRD is
equal to:
The IRD current results in a voltage drop across RD that is
compared to an internal 1.25V reference voltage. When the
voltage drop across RD exceeds 1.25V, and the logic is
configured for loop current detection, the DET pin goes low.
The hysteresis resistor RH adds an additional voltage
effectively across RD, causing the on-hook to off-hook
threshold to be slightly higher than the off-hook to on-hook
threshold.
Taking into account the hysteresis voltage, the typical value
of RD for the on-hook to off-hook condition is:
Taking into account the hysteresis voltage, the typical value
of RD for the off-hook to on-hook condition is:
A filter capacitor (CD) in parallel with RD will improve the
accuracy of the trip point in a noisy environment. The value
of this capacitor is calculated using the following Equation:
Where: T = 0.5ms.
Ground Key Detector
A simplified schematic of the ground key detector is shown in
Figure 18. Ground key, is the process in which the ring terminal
is shorted to ground for the purpose of signaling an Operator or
seizing a phone line (between the Central Office and a Private
Branch Exchange). The Ground Key detector is activated when
unequal current flow through resistors R1 and R2. This results
in a current (IGK) out of the transconductance amplifier (gm2)
that is equal to the product of gm2 and the differential (ITIP -
IRING) loop current. If IGK is less than the internal current
source (I1), then diode D1 is on and the output of the ground
key comparator is low. If IGK is greater than the internal current
source (I1), then diode D2 is on and the output of the ground
key comparator is high. With the output of the ground key
comparator high, and the logic configured for ground key detect,
the DET pin goes low. The ground key detector has a built in
hysteresis of typically 5mA between its trigger and reset values.
Ring Trip Detector
I
RD
I
TIP
I
RING
–
600
------------------------------------
I
L
300
----------
==
(EQ. 24)
R
D
465
I
ON
HOOK to OFF
–
HOOK
–
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
=
(EQ. 25)
R
D
375
I
OFF
HOOK to ON
–
HOOK
–
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
=
(EQ. 26)
HC5513
DET
RD
R2
gm1
gm2
gm1(IMETALLIC)
RD
CD
VREF
+
-
CURRENT
LOOP
VEE
-5V
GROUND
KEY
COMPARATOR
gm2(ITIP - IRING)
IRD
RH
I1
D1
D2
IGK
RING
TIP
+
-
R1
+
-
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
IMETALLIC
¨
ILONGITUDINAL
¨
ILONGITUDINAL
IMETALLIC
ILONGITUDINAL
¨
ILONGITUDINAL
COMPARATOR
DIGITAL MULTIPLEXER
+
-
1.25V
+
-
RH
FIGURE 18. LOOP CURRENT AND GROUND KEY DETECTORS
C
D
T
R
D
--------
=
(EQ. 27)
HC5513