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15
G
This causes lift in the transfer function given by:
To keep peaking to less than 0.05dB:
w
Z
< 0.0057w
BW
9.3 Selection of Loop Filter Components
Based on the above analysis, the loop filter components
should be selected for a given PLL bandwidth,
3dB
, as
follows:
1. Calculate
where:
I
CP
is the charge pump current and is a function of the
R
VCO
resistor and is obtained from Figure 24.
K
= 90MHz/V for VCO frequencies corresponding to
the
L
curve.
K
= 140MHz/V for VCO frequencies corresponding to
the
H
curve.
N is the divider modulus
(
L
,
H
and N can be obtained from Table 2 or Table 3)
2. Choose R
LF
= 2(3.14)
3dB
(0.78)L
3. Choose C
LF1
= 174L/(R
LF
)
2
4. Choose C
LF2
= L/4(R
LF
)
2
Fig. 24 R
VCO
vs. Charge Pump Current
9-4. SPICE Simulations
More detailed analysis of the GS9025A PLL can be done
using SPICE. A SPICE model of the PLL is shown below:
Fig. 25 SPICE Model of the PLL
The model consists of a voltage controlled current source
(G1), the loop filter components (R
LF
, C
LF1
, and C
LF2
), a
voltage controlled voltage source (E1), and a voltage
source (V1). R2 is necessary to create a DC path to ground
for Node 1.
V1 is used to generate the input phase waveform. G1
compares the input and output phase waveforms and
generates the charge pump current,
Ι
CP
. The loop filter
components integrate the charge pump current to establish
the loop filter voltage. E1 creates the output phase
waveform (PHIO) by multiplying the loop filter voltage by
the value of the Laplace transform (2
π
K
/Ns).
The net list for the model is given below. The .PARAM
statements are used to set values for
Ι
CP
, K
, N, and D.
Ι
CP
is determined by the R
VCO
resistor and is obtained from
Figure 24.
SPICE NETLIST * GS9025A PLL Model
.PARAM ICP = 165E-6 KF= 90E+6
.PARAM N = 1 D = 0.5
.PARAM PI = 3.14
.IC V(Phio) = 0
.ac dec 30 1k 10meg
RLF 1 LF 1000
CLF1 1 0 15n
CLF2 0 LF 15p
E_LAPLACE1 Phio 0 LAPLACE {V(LF)} {(2*PI*KF)/(N*s)}
G1 0 LF VALUE{D * ICP/(2*pi)*V(Phii, Phio)}
V1 2 0 DC 0V AC 1V
R2 0 1 1g
.END
20 LOGw
w
Z
---------
20 LOG
1
w
BW
-----------
–
---------------------
=
L
I
CP
K
---------------
=
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
C
R
VCO
(
)
PHII
PHIO
R2
E1
R
LF
C
LF1
C
LF2
G1
V1
2
π
K
Ns
IN+
IN-
1
LF
NOTE: PHII, PHIO, LF, and 1 are node names in the SPICE netlist.