Cassette Style
DC-DC Converters
Q Series
Edition 5/5.2000
12/25
Output Voltage Regulation of Double Output Modules
In symmetrical configuration the main output 1 is under nor-
mal conditions regulated to
Uo nom, independent of the out-
put currents. Note that if the load on output 2 is too small
(
<0.1 I
o nom), its voltage will rise, possibly activating the
overvoltage protection, which will then reduce the voltage
on both outputs.
Uo2 is dependent upon the load distribution: If each output
is loaded with at least 10% of
Io nom, the deviation of Uo2 re-
mains within
±5% of the value of U
o nom. The following fig-
ures explain the regulation with varying load distributions
up to the current limit. If
Io1 = Io2 or the two outputs are in
series-connection, the deviation of
Uo2 remains within
±1%
of the value of
Uo nom provided that the load is at least Iomin.
Uo1 + 1.0 V
Uo1
Uo1 — 1.0 V
Io2 [A]
2
34
5
Uo2 max = 28 V
0
6
Uo2 [V]
Io1 = 4.0 A
Io1 = 3.1 A
Io1 = 2.2 A
Io1 = 1.3 A
Io1 = 0.44 A
1
05113
Fig. 13
BQ...GQ 2660 output 2 voltage deviation vs. output 2 cur-
rent with different currents on output 1
Uo1 + 0.5 V
Uo1
Uo1 – 0.5 V
2
46
8
Uo2 max = 14.2 V
0
Io2 [A]
Uo2 [V]
Io1 = 7.2 A
Io1 = 5.6 A
Io1 = 4.0 A
Io1 = 2.4 A
Io1 = 0.8 A
10
05111
Fig. 11
BQ...GQ 2320 output 2 voltage deviation vs. output 2 cur-
rent with different currents on output 1
Uo1 + 0.5 V
Uo1
Uo1 – 0.5 V
2
46
8
Uo2 max = 18 V
0
Io2 [A]
Uo2 [V]
Io1 = 6.0 A
Io1 = 4.6 A
Io1 = 3.3 A
Io1 = 2.0 A
Io1 = 0.66 A
05112
Fig. 12
BQ...GQ 2540 output 2 voltage deviation vs. output 2 cur-
rent with different currents on output 1
Output Voltage Overshoot Protection
Negligible output voltage overshoot may occur if the mod-
ule is either hot plugged-in or disconnected, the input volt-
age is switched on or off, the module is switched with an in-
hibit signal, or after a reset of a short circuit and power fail-
ure.
Second Control Loop
A fully independent second control loop limits the output
voltage to approximately 1.25
U o nom (e.g. sense lines wi-
red incorrectly). It further protects the load in the unlikely
event of a malfunction of the main control circuit.
In double output modules output 1 is fully regulated with
overvoltage protection on output 2, through this second
control loop.
There is no specific built-in protection against externally
applied overvoltages.
Continuous Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Proof
All outputs are fully protected against continuous open cir-
cuit, e.g. against no load condition (for the BQ...GQ 2000
characteristics refer to:
Output Voltage Regulation of Dou-
ble Output Modules) and all outputs are fully protected
against continuous short circuit condition by means of the
electronic current limitation on the primary side (see:
Out-
put Current Limitation).
Output current limitation
Single output units and series- or parallel-connected dou-
ble output units have a quasi rectangular constant current
limitation characteristic.
In double output units, the total current is limited, allowing
free choice of load distribution between the two outputs, up
to a total
Io1 + Io2
≤ I
o max (see: Output Voltage Regulation of
Double Output Modules). In overload (Io1 + Io2
> I
o max) both
output voltages are reduced simultaneously.
Independent outputs with symmetrical current loads both
have a rectangular current limitation characteristic.
Current distribution in overload is dependent upon the type
of overload. A short-circuit in one output will cause the full
current flow into that output whereas a resistive overload
results in more even distribution and in a reduced output
voltage.
1.0
0.95
0.5
0
Uo/Uo nom
Io
Io nom
Io max
Operation
at
reduced
temperature
only
Io L
05114
Fig. 14
Current limitation behaviour of a single or a double output
unit with series- or parallel-connected outputs