10.0 Interrupts (Continued)
ample, if the Software Trap routine is located at 0310 Hex,
then the vector location 0yFE and -0yFF should contain the
data 03 and 10 Hex, respectively. When a Software Trap
interrupt occurs and the VIS instruction is executed, the
program jumps to the address specified in the vector table.
The interrupt sources in the vector table are listed in order of
rank, from highest to lowest priority. If two or more enabled
and pending interrupts are detected at the same time, the
one with the highest priority is serviced first. Upon return
from the interrupt service routine, the next highest-level
pending interrupt is serviced.
If the VIS instruction is executed, but no interrupts are en-
abled and pending, the lowest-priority interrupt vector is
used, and a jump is made to the corresponding address in
the vector table. This is an unusual occurrence, and may be
the result of an error. It can legitimately result from a change
in the enable bits or pending flags prior to the execution of
the VIS instruction, such as executing a single cycle instruc-
tion which clears an enable flag at the same time that the
pending flag is set. It can also result, however, from inad-
vertent execution of the VIS command outside of the context
of an interrupt.
The default VIS interrupt vector can be useful for applica-
tions in which time critical interrupts can occur during the
servicing of another interrupt. Rather than restoring the pro-
gram context (A, B, X, etc.) and executing the RETI instruc-
tion, an interrupt service routine can be terminated by return-
ing to the VIS instruction. In this case, interrupts will be
serviced in turn until no further interrupts are pending and
the default VIS routine is started. After testing the GIE bit to
ensure that execution is not erroneous, the routine should
restore the program context and execute the RETI to return
to the interrupted program.
This technique can save up to fifty instruction cycles (t
c), or
more, (50s at 10 MHz oscillator) of latency for pending
interrupts with a penalty of fewer than ten instruction cycles
if no further interrupts are pending.
To ensure reliable operation, the user should always use the
VIS instruction to determine the source of an interrupt. Al-
though it is possible to poll the pending bits to detect the
source of an interrupt, this practice is not recommended. The
use of polling allows the standard arbitration ranking to be
altered, but the reliability of the interrupt system is compro-
mised. The polling routine must individually test the enable
and pending bits of each maskable interrupt. If a Software
Trap interrupt should occur, it will be serviced last, even
though it should have the highest priority. Under certain
conditions, a Software Trap could be triggered but not ser-
viced, resulting in an inadvertent “l(fā)ocking out” of all
maskable interrupts by the Software Trap pending flag.
Problems such as this can be avoided by using VIS
instruction.
TABLE 6. Interrupt Vector Table
Arbitration
Ranking
Source
Description
Vector Address (Note 16)
(Hi-Low Byte)
(1) Highest
Software
INTR Instruction
0yFE–0yFF
(2)
Reserved
0yFC–0yFD
(3)
External
G0
0yFA–0yFB
(4)
Timer T0
Underflow
0yF8–0yF9
(5)
Timer T1
T1A/Underflow
0yF6–0yF7
(6)
Timer T1
T1B
0yF4–0yF5
(7)
MICROWIRE/PLUS
BUSY Low
0yF2–0yF3
(8)
Reserved
0yF0–0yF1
(9)
USART
Receive
0yEE–0yEF
(10)
USART
Transmit
0yEC–0yED
(11)
Timer T2
T2A/Underflow
0yEA–0yEB
(12)
Timer T2
T2B
0yE8–0yE9
(13)
Timer T3
T2A/Underflow
0yE6–0yE7
(14)
Timer T3
T3B
0yE4–0yE5
(15)
Port L/Wakeup
Port L Edge
0yE2–0yE3
(16) Lowest
Default VIS
Reserved
0yE0–0yE1
Note 16: y is a variable which represents the VIS block. VIS and the vector table must be located in the same 256-byte block except if VIS is located at the last
address of a block. In this case, the table must be in the next block.
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