
June 1996
TOPSwitch
Power Supply Design
Techniques for EMI and Safety
Application Note AN-15
Offline switching power supplies have high voltage and high
current switching waveforms that generate Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI) in the form of both conducted and radiated
emissions. Consequently, all off-line power supplies must be
designed to attenuate or suppress EMI emissions below
commonly acceptable limits.
This application note presents design techniques that reduce
conducted EMI emissions in
TOPSwitch
power supplies below
normally specified limits. Properly designed transformers, PC
boards, and EMI filters not only reduce conducted EMI emissions
but also suppress radiated EMI emissions and improve EMI
susceptibility. These techniques can also be used in applications
with DC input voltages such as Telecom and Television Cable
Communication (or Cablecom). Refer to AN-14 and AN-20 for
additional information. The following topics will be presented:
EMI Specifications for North America, European
Community, and Germany
Measuring Conducted Emissions with a LISN
Peak, Quasi-Peak, and Average Detection Methods
Safety Principles
EMI Filter Components
Flyback Power Supply EMI Signature Waveforms
Filter Analysis
Power Cord Resonances
Transformer Construction Techniques
Suppression Techniques
General Purpose
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EMI Filters
EMI Filter PC Layout Issues
Practical Considerations
Figure 1. FCC Class A and B Limits (Quasi Peak).
120
A
μ
V
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (MHz)
10
100
P
EN55022A QP
EN55022A AVG
EN55022B QP
EN55022B AVG
Figure 2. EN55022 Class A and B Limits (Average and Quasi Peak).
120
A
μ
V
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (MHz)
10
100
P
FCCA QP
FCCB QP
120
A
μ
V
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (MHz)
10
100
P
Vfg243 QP
Vfg46 AVG
120
A
μ
V
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (MHz)
10
100
Vfg243 QP
Vfg1046 QP
(VDE0871B QP)
P
Figure 4. Vfg243 (Quasi Peak) and Vfg46 (Average) Class B
Limits.
Figure 3. Vfg1046 and Vfg243 Class B Limits (Quasi Peak).