ADA4937-1/ADA4937-2
Data Sheet
Rev. D | Page 18 of 28
THEORY OF OPERATION
has two outputs whose voltages move in opposite directions.
Like an op amp, it relies on open-loop gain and negative feed-
back to force these outputs to the desired voltages. Th
e ADA4937-x behaves much like a standard voltage feedback op amp, which
makes it easier to perform single-ended-to-differential conversions,
common-mode level shifting, and amplifications of differential
impedance and low output impedance.
Two feedback loops control the differential and common-mode
output voltages. The differential feedback loop, set with external
resistors, controls only the differential output voltage. The
common-mode feedback loop controls only the common-mode
output voltage. This architecture makes it easy to set the output
common-mode level to any arbitrary value. It is forced, by
internal common-mode feedback, to be equal to the voltage
applied to the VOCM input without affecting the differential
output voltage.
balanced over a wide frequency range without requiring tightly
matched external components. The common-mode feedback
loop forces the signal component of the output common-mode
voltage to zero. This results in nearly perfectly balanced differential
outputs that are identical in amplitude and are exactly 180° apart
in phase.
ANALYZING AN APPLICATION CIRCUIT
force its differential and common-mode output voltages in such
a way as to minimize the differential and common-mode error
voltages. The differential error voltage is defined as the voltage
between the differential inputs labeled +IN and IN (see
Figure 52). For most purposes, this voltage can be assumed
to be zero. Similarly, the difference between the actual output
common-mode voltage and the voltage applied to VOCM can
also be assumed to be zero. Starting from these two assumptions,
any application circuit can be analyzed.
SETTING THE CLOSED-LOOP GAIN
determined by
G
F
dm
IN
dm
OUT
R
V
=
,
This assumes that the input resistors (RG) and feedback resistors
(RF) on each side are equal.
ESTIMATING THE OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
The differential output noise of the
ADA4937-x can be esti-
mated using the noise model in
Figure 53. The input-referred
noise voltage density, vnIN, is modeled as a differential input, and
the noise currents, inIN and inIN+, appear between each input and
ground. The noise currents are assumed to be equal and produce
a voltage across the parallel combination of the gain and feedback
resistances. vn,cm is the noise voltage density at the VOCM pin. Each
of the four resistors contributes (4kTRx)1/2. Table 9 summarizes the input noise sources, the multiplication
factors, and the output-referred noise density terms.
ADA4937
+
RF2
VnOD
VnCM
VOCM
VnIN
RF1
RG2
RG1
VnRF1
VnRF2
VnRG1
VnRG2
inIN+
inIN–
06591-
050
Table 9. Output Noise Voltage Density Calculations
Input Noise Contribution
Input Noise Term
Input Noise
Voltage Density
Output
Multiplication Factor
Output Noise
Voltage Density Term
Differential Input
vnIN
GN
vnO1 = GN(vnIN)
Inverting Input
inIN
inIN × (RG2||RF2)
GN
vnO2 = GN[inIN × (RG2||RF2)]
Noninverting Input
inIN+
inIN+ × (RG1||RF1)
GN
vnO3 = GN[inIN+ × (RG1||RF1)]
VOCM Input
vn, cm
GN(β1 β2)
vnO4 = GN(β1 β2)(vn, cm)
Gain Resistor RG1
vnRG1
(4kTRG1)1/2
GN(1 β1)
vnO5 = GN(1 β1)(4kTRG1)1/2
Gain Resistor RG2
vnRG2
(4kTRG2)1/2
GN(1 β2)
vnO6 = GN(1 β2)(4kTRG2)1/2
Feedback Resistor RF1
vnRF1
(4kTRF1)1/2
1
vnO7 = (4kTRF1)1/2
Feedback Resistor RF2
vnRF2
(4kTRF2)1/2
1
vnO8 = (4kTRF2)1/2