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AD9225
–10–
REV. A
REFERENCE OPERATION
The AD9225 contains an onboard bandgap reference that pro-
vides a pin strappable option to generate either a 1 V or 2 V
output. With the addition of two external resistors, the user can
generate reference voltages other than 1 V and 2 V. Another
alternative is to use an external reference for designs requiring
enhanced accuracy and/or drift performance. See Table II for a
summary of the pin-strapping options for the AD9225 reference
configurations.
Figure 16 shows a simplified model of the internal voltage refer-
ence of the AD9225. A pin strappable reference amplifier
buffers a 1 V fixed reference. The output from the reference
amplifier, A1, appears on the VREF pin. The voltage on the
VREF pin determines the full-scale input span of the A/D. This
input span equals,
Full-Scale
Input Span
= 2
×
VREF
The voltage appearing at the VREF pin as well as the state of
the internal reference amplifier, A1, are determined by the volt-
age appearing at the SENSE pin. The logic circuitry contains
two comparators which monitor the voltage at the SENSE pin.
The comparator with the lowest set point (approximately 0.3 V)
controls the position of the switch within the feedback path of
A1. If the SENSE pin is tied to AVSS (AGND), the switch is
connected to the internal resistor network thus providing a
VREF of 2.0 V. If the SENSE pin is tied to the VREF pin via a
short or resistor, the switch will connect to the SENSE pin. This
short will provide a VREF of 1.0 V. An external resistor network
will provide an alternative VREF between 1.0 V and 2.0 V. The
other comparator controls internal circuitry which will disable
the reference amplifier if the SENSE pin is tied AVDD. Dis-
abling the reference amplifier allows the VREF pin to be driven
by an external voltage reference.
A2
5k
V
5k
V
5k
V
5k
V
LOGIC
DISABLE
A2
6.25k
V
LOGIC
A1
DISABLE
A1
1V
TO
A/D
AD9225
CAPT
CAPB
VREF
SENSE
REFCOM
6.25k
V
Figure 16. Equivalent Reference Circuit
The actual reference voltages used by the internal circuitry of
the AD9225 appears on the CAPT and CAPB pins. For proper
operation when using the internal or an external reference, it is
necessary to add a capacitor network to decouple these pins.
Figure 17 shows the recommended decoupling network. This
capacitive network performs the following three functions: (1)
along with the reference amplifier, A2, it provides a low source
impedance over a large frequency range to drive the A/D inter-
nal circuitry, (2) it provides the necessary compensation for A2,
and (3) it bandlimits the noise contribution from the reference.
The turn-on time of the reference voltage appearing between
CAPT and CAPB is approximately 15 ms and should be evalu-
ated in any power-down mode of operation.
0.1
m
F
10
m
F
0.1
m
F
0.1
m
F
CAPT
CAPB
AD9225
Figure 17. Recommended CAPT/CAPB Decoupling Network
The A/D’s input span may be varied dynamically by changing
the differential reference voltage appearing across CAPT and
CAPB symmetrically around 2.5 V (i.e., midsupply). To change
the reference at speeds beyond the capabilities of A2, it will be
necessary to drive CAPT and CAPB with two high speed, low
noise amplifiers. In this case, both internal amplifiers (i.e., A1
and A2) must be disabled by connecting SENSE to AVDD,
connecting VREF to AVSS and removing the capacitive decou-
pling network. The external voltages applied to CAPT and
CAPB must be 2.0 V + Input Span/4 and 2.0 V – Input Span/4
respectively in which the input span can be varied between 2 V
and 4 V. Note that those samples within the pipeline A/D dur-
ing any reference transition will be corrupted and should be
discarded.
DRIVING THE ANALOG INPUTS
The AD9225 has a highly flexible input structure allowing it to
interface with single ended or differential input interface cir-
cuitry. The applications shown in sections “Driving the Analog
Inputs” and “Reference Configurations” along with the infor-
mation presented in “Input and Reference Overview” of this
data sheet, give examples of both single-ended and differential
operation. Refer to Tables I and II for a list of the different
possible input and reference configurations and their associated
figures in the data sheet.
The optimum mode of operation, analog input range, and asso-
ciated interface circuitry will be determined by the particular
applications performance requirements as well as power supply
options. For example, a dc coupled single-ended input would be
appropriate for most data acquisition and imaging applications.
Also, many communication applications which require a dc
coupled input for proper demodulation can take advantage of
the excellent single-ended distortion performance of the AD9225.
The input span should be configured such that the system’s
performance objectives and the headroom requirements of the
driving op amp are simultaneously met.