Data Sheet
AD7609
Rev. A | Page 21 of 36
THEORY OF OPERATION
CONVERTER DETAILS
Th
e AD7609 is a data acquisition system that employs a high
speed, low power, charge redistribution successive approxima-
tion analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and allows the
simultaneous sampling of eight true differential analog input
channels. The analog inputs on the
AD7609 can accept true
bipolar input signals. The RANGE pin is used to select either
±10 V or ±5 V as the input range. The
AD7609 operates from
a single 5 V supply.
Th
e AD7609 contains input clamp protection, input signal
scaling amplifiers, a second-order antialiasing filter, track-and-
hold amplifiers, an on-chip reference, reference buffers, a high
speed ADC, a digital filter, and high speed parallel and serial
interfaces. Sampling on t
he AD7609 is controlled using
CONVST x signals.
ANALOG INPUT
Analog Input Ranges
Th
e AD7609 can handle true bipolar input voltages. The logic
level on the RANGE pin determines the analog input range of
all analog input channels. If this pin is tied to a logic high, the
analog input range is ±10 V for all channels. If this pin is tied
to a logic low, the analog input range is ±5 V for all channels.
A logic change on this pin has an immediate effect on the
analog input range; however, there is a settling time of 80 s
typically, in addition to the normal acquisition time requirement.
The recommended practice is to hardwire the RANGE pin
according to the desired input range for the system signals.
During normal operation, the applied analog input voltage should
remain within the analog input range selected via the RANGE
pin. A RESET pulse must be applied to the part to ensure the
analog input channels are configured for the range selected.
When in a power-down mode, it is recommended to tie the
analog inputs together or both analog input pins (Vx+, Vx) to
overvoltage clamp protection is recommended for use in
transient overvoltage conditions, and should not remain active
for extended periods. Stressing the analog inputs outside of
these conditions may degrade the Bipolar Zero Code error and
THD performance of the AD7609.
Analog Input Impedance
The analog input impedance of th
e AD7609 is 1 M. This is a
fixed input impedance and does not vary with t
he AD7609 sam-
pling frequency. This high analog input impedance eliminates
the need for a driver amplifier in front of the
AD7609 allowing
for direct connection to the source or sensor. With the need for
a driver amplifier eliminated, bipolar supplies can be removed
from the signal chain, which are often a source of noise in a system.
Analog Input Clamp Protection
Figure 32 shows the analog input structure of the AD7609.
Eac
h AD7609 analog input contains clamp protection circuitry.
Despite a single 5 V supply operation, this analog input clamp
protection allows for an input overvoltage up to ±16.5 V.
1M
CLAMP
Vx+
1M
CLAMP
Vx–
SECOND-
ORDER
LPF
RFB
09760-
129
Figure 32. Analog Input Circuitry
Figure 33 shows the current vs. voltage characteristic of the
clamp circuit. For input voltages up to ±16.5 V, no current flows
in the clamp circuit. For input voltages above ±16.5 V, the
AD7609 clamp circuitry turns on and clamps the analog input
to ±16.5 V. A series resister should be placed on the analog
input channels to limit the current to ±10 mA for input voltages
above ±16.5 V. In an application where there is a series resistance
on an analog input channel, VINx+, a corresponding resistance
is required on the VINx channel (see
Figure 34). If there is no
corresponding resister on the Vx channel, this results in an
offset error on that channel. It is recommended that the input
overvoltage clamp protection circuitry be used to protect the
AD7609 against transient overvoltage events. It is not recom-
mended to leave th
e AD7609 in a condition where the clamp
protection circuitry is active (in normal or power-down
conditions) for extended periods because this may degrade the
bipolar zero code error performance of th
e AD7609.09760-
033
30
–50
–40
–30
–20
–10
0
10
20
–20
–15
–10
–5
0
5
10
15
20
INP
UT
CL
AM
P
CURRE
NT
(
mA)
SOURCE VOLTAGE (V)
AVCC, VDRIVE = 5V
TA = 25°C
Figure 33. Input Protection Clamp Profile
1M
CLAMP
VINx+
1M
CLAMP
VINx–
RFB
C
R
+10V
–10V
AD7609
09760-
031
+10V
–10V
Figure 34. Input Resistance Matching on the Analog Input