
AD2S105
REV. 0
–5–
THEORY OF OPERATION
A fundamental requirement for high quality induction motor
drives is that the magnitude and position of the rotating air-gap
rotor flux be known. This is normally carried out by measuring
the rotor position via a position sensor and establishing a rotor
oriented reference frame.
To generate a flux component in the rotor, stator current is ap-
plied. A build-up of rotor flux is concluded which must be
maintained by controlling the stator current, i
ds
, parallel to the
rotor flux. The rotor flux current component is the magnetizing
current, i
mr
.
Torque is generated by applying a current component which is
perpendicular to the magnetizing current. This current is nor-
mally called the torque generating current, i
qs
.
To orient and control both the torque and flux stator current
vectors, a coordinate transformation is carried out to establish a
new reference frame related to the rotor. This complex calcula-
tion is carried out by the AD2S105.
To expand upon the vector operator a description of a single
vector rotation is of assistance. If it is considered that the
moduli of a vector is OP and that through the movement of ro-
tor position by
f
, we require the new position of this vector it
can be deduced as follows:
Let original vector OP = A (Cos
u
+ jSIN
u
) where
A
is a
constant;
if
OQ
= OP e
j
F
and: e
j
F
= Cos
f
+ jSin
f
OQ = A (Cos
(
u
+
f
)
+ jSin
(
u
+
f
))
=
A
[
Cos
u
Cos
φ
–
Sin
u
Sin
φ
+
jSin
u
Cos
φ
+
jCos
u
Sin
φ
]
=
A
[(
Cos
u
+
jSin
u
) (
Cos
f
+ j
Sin
f
)]
(1)
(2)
θ
φ
θ
+
φ
Q
P
O
a
d
Figure 1. Vector Rotation in Polar Coordinate
The complex stator current vector can be represented as i
s
= i
as
j
2
π
3
placed by rectangular coordinates as
i
s
= i
ds
+ ji
qs
In this equation i
ds
and i
qs
represent the equivalent of a two-
phase stator winding which establishes the same magnitude of
MMF in a three-phase system. These inputs can be seen after
the three-phase to two-phase transformation in the AD2S105
block diagram. Equation (3) therefore represents a three-phase
to two-phase conversion.
+ ai
bs
+ a
2
i
cs
where a = e
and a
2
= e
j
4
π
3
. This can be re-
(3)
To relate these stator current to the reference frame the rotor
currents assume the same rectangular coordinates, but are now
rotated by the operator e
j
f
, where e
j
f
= Cos
f
+ jSin
f
.
Here the term vector rotator comes into play where the stator
current vector can be represented in rotor-based coordinates or
vice versa.
The AD2S105 uses e
j
f
as the core operator. In terms of the
mathematical function, it rotates the orthogonal i
ds
and i
qs
com-
ponents as follows:
i
ds
' + j
i
qs
' = (
I
ds
+
jI
qs
)
e
j
f
where i
ds
', i
qs
' = stator currents in the rotor reference frame. And
e
j
f
=
Cos
f
+
jSin
f
= (
I
ds
+
jI
qs
)(
Cos
f
+
jSin
f
)
The output from the AD2S105 takes the form of:
i
ds
' =
I
ds
Cos
f
–
I
qs
Sin
f
i
qs
' =
I
ds
Sin
f
+
I
qs
Cos
f
The matrix equation is:
[
i
ds
'
]
i
qs
'
=
[
Cos
f
Sin
f
–
Sin
f
] [
Cos
f
I
ds
]
I
qs
and it is shown in Figure 2.
I
ds
I
qs
I
ds
'
I
qs
'
φ
e
j
φ
Figure 2. AD2S105 Vector Rotation Operation
DIGITAL
LATCH
3
φ
TO 2
φ
TRANSFORMATION
LATCH
LATCH
SINE AND
COSINE
MULTIPLIER
(DAC)
SINE AND
COSINE
MULTIPLIER
(DAC)
PARK
COS
θ
COS
θ
+ 120
°
COS
θ
+ 240
°
SIN
θ
INPUT CLARK
COS (
θ + φ)
SIN (
θ + φ)
Figure 3. Converter Operation Diagram