
AD7865
–8–
Rev. PrC
PRELMNARY
DATA
TECHNCAL
Negative Gain Error
This is the deviation of the first code transition (10.....000
to 10.....001) from the ideal -4 x VREF + 1/2 LSB
(AD7865 at ±10 V), -2 x VREF + 1/2 LSB (AD7865 at
±5 V range) or -VREF + 1/2 LSB (AD7865 at ±2.5 V
range) after Bipolar Zero Error has been adjusted out.
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
Track/Hold acquisition time is the time required for the
output of the track/hold amplifier to reach its final value,
within
±1/2 LSB, after the end of conversion (the point
at which the track/hold returns to track mode). It also
applies to situations where there is a step input change on
the input voltage applied to the selected V
input of
the AD7865. It means that the user must wait for the
duration of the track/hold acquisition time after the end of
conversion or after a step input change to V
before
starting another conversion, to ensure that the part oper-
ates to specification.
third order terms are usually at a frequency close to the
input frequencies. As a result, the second and third order
terms are specified separately. The calculation of the
intermodulation distortion is as per the THD specification
where it is the ratio of the rms sum of the individual
distortion products to the rms amplitude of the fundamen-
tal expressed in dB's.
Channel to Channel Isolation
Channel-to-channel isolation is a measure of the level of
crosstalk between channels. It is measured by applying a
full-scale 50 kHz sine wave signal to all non selected input
channels and determining how much that signal is attenu-
ated in the selected channel. The figure given is the worst
case across all four channels for the AD7865.
Relative Accuracy
Relative accuracy or endpoint nonlinearity is the maxi-
mum deviation from a straight line passing through the
endpoints of the ADC transfer function.
Differential Nonlinearity
This is the difference between the measured and the ideal
1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes in the
ADC.
Positive Gain Error
This is the deviation of the last code transition (01.....110
(AD7865 at ±10 V), 2 x VREF - 3/2 LSB (AD7865 at
±5 V range) or VREF - 3/2 LSB (AD7865 at ±2.5 V
range) after the Bipolar Offset Error has been adjusted
out.
Bipolar Zero Error
This is the deviation of the mid-scale transition (all 0's to
TERMINOLOGY
Signal to (Noise + Distortion) Ratio
This is the measured ratio of signal to (noise + distortion)
at the output of the A/D converter. The signal is the rms
amplitude of the fundamental. Noise is the rms sum of all
nonfundamental signals up to half the sampling frequency
(f
/2), excluding dc. The ratio is dependent upon the
number of quantization levels in the digitization process;
the more levels, the smaller the quantization noise. The
theoretical signal to (noise +distortion) ratio for an ideal
N-bit converter with a sine wave input is given by:
Signal to (Noise + Distortion) = (6.02N + 1.76) dB
Thus for a 14-bit converter, this is 86.04 dB.
Total Harmonic Distortion
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the rms
sum of harmonics to the fundamental. For the AD7865 it
is defined as:
THD (dB)
=
20 log
V
2
2
+
V
3
+
V
4
+
V
5
+
V
6
V
1
where V
is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and V
2
,
V
, V
, and V
are the rms amplitudes of the second
through the fifth harmonics.
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
Peak harmonic or spurious noise is defined as the ratio of
the rms value of the next largest component in the ADC
output spectrum (up to f
/2 and excluding dc) to the rms
value of the fundamental. Normally, the value of this
specification is determined by the largest harmonic in the
spectrum, but for parts where the harmonics are buried in
the noise floor, it will be a noise peak.
Intermodulation Distortion
With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa
and fb, any active device with nonlinearities will create
distortion products at sum and difference frequencies of
mfa ± nfb where m,n = 0,1,2,3, etc. Intermodulation
terms are those for which neither m or n are equal to zero.
For example, the second order terms include (fa + fb) and
(fa - fb), while the third order terms include (2fa + fb),
(2fa - fb), (fa + 2fb) and (fa - 2fb).
The AD7865 is tested using two input frequencies. In this
case, the second and third order terms are of different
significance. The second order terms are usually dis-
tanced in frequency from the original sine waves while the